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THE FIELD NOTES

Every question
starts somewhere.

The references and definitions behind this geography game.

Reading the questions

The questions use the sources below for their answer boundaries. Some questions use editorial point values; World Heritage questions use the scoring method described below. A country's membership or classification can change, so a question’s stated scope matters.

The source package records a review date of November 5, 2026. Inclusion here identifies the evidence used by the game; it does not imply endorsement by any source.

Question references

World Heritage data

The World Heritage questions are derived from the UNESCO DataHub World Heritage List, retrieved November 5, 2026. The original data were filtered and mapped to the game’s country identifiers. The source and derived question data are shared under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International; changes have been made. UNESCO does not endorse this game.

These questions use the State Parties listed in the fixed dataset snapshot, not a claim about sovereignty. They have not been independently reviewed. Their provisional point bands are generated from the number of matching properties per country and do not represent player statistics.

World Bank data

Some questions are derived from the World Bank Country API and World Development Indicators, using snapshots retrieved November 5, 2026. Land-area figures are sourced by the World Bank from FAOSTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The data were filtered to the game’s country list and transformed into questions and editorial point bands. The World Bank data are used under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, subject to the World Bank dataset terms of use. Changes have been made; the World Bank does not endorse this game.

Classification and indicator questions use the specific dates, coverage and definitions stated with each question. These automatically derived questions have not been independently reviewed.

World Development Indicators

These questions use 2023 indicator values and population data from World Bank World Development Indicators. The linked metadata describe each indicator, its underlying data providers and its terms. We filtered the data and created questions and provisional score bands; the underlying providers do not endorse this game. The datasets are licensed under CC BY 4.0.

For these questions, population is used as a rough scoring proxy: smaller populations are assigned higher scores. This is not a measurement of player choices or answer rarity.

See the individual indicator sources and attribution
  • World Bank World Development Indicators: Forest area (% of land area) (2023) · Indicator definition and metadataWorld Bank, World Development Indicators, Forest area (% of land area). Underlying sources: FAOSTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), uri: https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/RL, publisher: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Filtered to selectable countries and transformed into questions and editorial scores; no endorsement implied.
  • World Bank World Development Indicators: Agricultural land (% of land area) (2023) · Indicator definition and metadataWorld Bank, World Development Indicators, Agricultural land (% of land area). Underlying sources: FAO electronic files and web site, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), publisher: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Filtered to selectable countries and transformed into questions and editorial scores; no endorsement implied.
  • World Bank World Development Indicators: Arable land (% of land area) (2023) · Indicator definition and metadataWorld Bank, World Development Indicators, Arable land (% of land area). Underlying sources: FAO electronic files and website, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), publisher: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Filtered to selectable countries and transformed into questions and editorial scores; no endorsement implied.
  • World Bank World Development Indicators: Permanent cropland (% of land area) (2023) · Indicator definition and metadataWorld Bank, World Development Indicators, Permanent cropland (% of land area). Underlying sources: FAO electronic files and web site, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), publisher: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Filtered to selectable countries and transformed into questions and editorial scores; no endorsement implied.
  • World Bank World Development Indicators: Population density (people per sq. km of land area) (2023) · Indicator definition and metadataWorld Bank, World Development Indicators, Population density (people per sq. km of land area). Underlying sources: FAO population estimates, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), publisher: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO); World Bank population estimates, World Bank (WB), publisher: World Bank (WB). Filtered to selectable countries and transformed into questions and editorial scores; no endorsement implied.
  • World Bank World Development Indicators: Population, total (2023) · Indicator definition and metadataWorld Bank, World Development Indicators, Population, total. Underlying sources: World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), uri: https://population.un.org/wpp/, publisher: UN Population Division; Statistical databases and publications from national statistical offices, National Statistical Offices (NSOs), uri: https://unstats.un.org/home/nso_sites/, publisher: National Statistical Offices; Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, Eurostat (ESTAT), uri: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database?node_code=earn_ses_monthly, publisher: Eurostat; Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), United Nations (UN), uri: https://unstats.un.org, publisher: UN Statistics Division. Filtered to selectable countries and transformed into questions and editorial scores; no endorsement implied.
  • World Bank World Development Indicators: Urban population (% of total population) (2023) · Indicator definition and metadataWorld Bank, World Development Indicators, Urban population (% of total population). Underlying sources: World Urbanization Prospects, United Nations (UN), uri: https://population.un.org/wup/, note: United Nations Population Division's World Urbanization Prospects, National definitions, publisher: UN Population Division. Filtered to selectable countries and transformed into questions and editorial scores; no endorsement implied.
  • World Bank World Development Indicators: Population growth (annual %) (2023) · Indicator definition and metadataWorld Bank, World Development Indicators, Population growth (annual %). Underlying sources: World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), note: Derived from total population, publisher: UN Population Division; Statistical databases and publications from national statistical offices, National Statistical Offices (NSOs), note: Derived from total population; Demographic Statistics, Eurostat (ESTAT), note: Derived from total population; Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), United Nations (UN), note: Derived from total population, publisher: UN Statistical Division. Filtered to selectable countries and transformed into questions and editorial scores; no endorsement implied.
  • World Bank World Development Indicators: Population ages 65 and above (% of total population) (2023) · Indicator definition and metadataWorld Bank, World Development Indicators, Population ages 65 and above (% of total population). Underlying sources: World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), publisher: UN Population Division. Filtered to selectable countries and transformed into questions and editorial scores; no endorsement implied.
  • World Bank World Development Indicators: Population ages 0-14 (% of total population) (2023) · Indicator definition and metadataWorld Bank, World Development Indicators, Population ages 0-14 (% of total population). Underlying sources: United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects., United Nations Population Division, uri: https://population.un.org/wpp/, publisher: United Nations Population Division. Filtered to selectable countries and transformed into questions and editorial scores; no endorsement implied.
  • World Bank World Development Indicators: Life expectancy at birth, total (years) (2023) · Indicator definition and metadataWorld Bank, World Development Indicators, Life expectancy at birth, total (years). Underlying sources: World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), uri: UN Population Division; Statistical databases and publications from national statistical offices, National Statistical Offices (NSOs), note: Derived from male and female life expectancy at birth from sources such as statistical databases and publications from national statistical offices.; Demographic Statistics, Eurostat (ESTAT), note: Derived from male and female life expectancy at birth from sources such as Eurostat: Demographic Statistics.. Filtered to selectable countries and transformed into questions and editorial scores; no endorsement implied.
  • World Bank World Development Indicators: Fertility rate, total (births per woman) (2023) · Indicator definition and metadataWorld Bank, World Development Indicators, Fertility rate, total (births per woman). Underlying sources: World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), publisher: UN Population Division; Statistical databases and publications from national statistical offices, National Statistical Offices (NSOs); Demographic Statistics, Eurostat (ESTAT). Filtered to selectable countries and transformed into questions and editorial scores; no endorsement implied.
  • World Bank World Development Indicators: Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2023) · Indicator definition and metadataWorld Bank, World Development Indicators, Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people). Underlying sources: World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), publisher: UN Population Division; Statistical databases and publications from national statistical offices, National Statistical Offices (NSOs); Demographic Statistics, Eurostat (ESTAT); Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), United Nations (UN), publisher: UN Statistical Division. Filtered to selectable countries and transformed into questions and editorial scores; no endorsement implied.
  • World Bank World Development Indicators: Access to electricity (% of population) (2023) · Indicator definition and metadataWorld Bank, World Development Indicators, Access to electricity (% of population). Underlying sources: SDG 7.1.1 Electrification Dataset, World Bank (WB), uri: https://trackingsdg7.esmap.org/downloads, note: Data is downloaded from ESMAP website. Data is released when a new Tracking SDG7 report is released., publisher: World Bank (WB), date accessed: 2024-05-16, date published: 2023. Filtered to selectable countries and transformed into questions and editorial scores; no endorsement implied.
  • World Bank World Development Indicators: Electricity production from hydroelectric sources (% of total) (2023) · Indicator definition and metadataWorld Bank, World Development Indicators, Electricity production from hydroelectric sources (% of total). Underlying sources: IEA Energy Statistics Data Browser, International Energy Agency (IEA), uri: https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/energy-statistics-data-browser, publisher: International Energy Agency (IEA), date accessed: 2025-03-25. Filtered to selectable countries and transformed into questions and editorial scores; no endorsement implied.
  • World Bank World Development Indicators: Electricity production from oil, gas and coal sources (% of total) (2023) · Indicator definition and metadataWorld Bank, World Development Indicators, Electricity production from oil, gas and coal sources (% of total). Underlying sources: IEA Energy Statistics Data Browser, International Energy Agency (IEA), uri: https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/energy-statistics-data-browser, publisher: International Energy Agency (IEA), date accessed: 2025-03-25. Filtered to selectable countries and transformed into questions and editorial scores; no endorsement implied.
  • World Bank World Development Indicators: Electricity production from nuclear sources (% of total) (2023) · Indicator definition and metadataWorld Bank, World Development Indicators, Electricity production from nuclear sources (% of total). Underlying sources: IEA Energy Statistics Data Browser, International Energy Agency (IEA), uri: https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/energy-statistics-data-browser, publisher: International Energy Agency (IEA), date accessed: 2025-03-25. Filtered to selectable countries and transformed into questions and editorial scores; no endorsement implied.
  • World Bank World Development Indicators: Electricity production from coal sources (% of total) (2023) · Indicator definition and metadataWorld Bank, World Development Indicators, Electricity production from coal sources (% of total). Underlying sources: IEA Energy Statistics Data Browser, International Energy Agency (IEA), uri: https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/energy-statistics-data-browser, publisher: International Energy Agency (IEA), date accessed: 2025-03-25. Filtered to selectable countries and transformed into questions and editorial scores; no endorsement implied.
  • World Bank World Development Indicators: Electricity production from natural gas sources (% of total) (2023) · Indicator definition and metadataWorld Bank, World Development Indicators, Electricity production from natural gas sources (% of total). Underlying sources: IEA Energy Statistics Data Browser, International Energy Agency (IEA), uri: https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/energy-statistics-data-browser, publisher: International Energy Agency (IEA), date accessed: 2025-03-25. Filtered to selectable countries and transformed into questions and editorial scores; no endorsement implied.
  • World Bank World Development Indicators: Arable land (hectares per person) (2023) · Indicator definition and metadataWorld Bank, World Development Indicators, Arable land (hectares per person). Underlying sources: FAO electronic files and web site, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), publisher: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Filtered to selectable countries and transformed into questions and editorial scores; no endorsement implied.
  • World Bank World Development Indicators: People using safely managed drinking water services (% of population) (2023) · Indicator definition and metadataWorld Bank, World Development Indicators, People using safely managed drinking water services (% of population). Underlying sources: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene, World Health Organization (WHO), uri: washdata.org, note: Aggregate data by groups are computed based on the groupings for the World Bank fiscal year in which the data was released by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene., publisher: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (washdata.org), date accessed: 2025-09-30, date published: 2025-08-25; UN Children's Fund (UNICEF), uri: washdata.org, note: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene. Filtered to selectable countries and transformed into questions and editorial scores; no endorsement implied.
  • World Bank World Development Indicators: Urban population growth (annual %) (2023) · Indicator definition and metadataWorld Bank, World Development Indicators, Urban population growth (annual %). Underlying sources: World Urbanization Prospects, United Nations (UN), uri: https://population.un.org/wup/, note: World Bank staff estimates based on the United Nations Population Division's World Urbanization Prospects, National definitions, publisher: UN Population Division; Staff estimates, World Bank (WB), note: World Bank staff estimates based on the United Nations Population Division's World Urbanization Prospects, National definitions. Filtered to selectable countries and transformed into questions and editorial scores; no endorsement implied.
  • World Bank World Development Indicators: Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) (2023) · Indicator definition and metadataWorld Bank, World Development Indicators, Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births). Underlying sources: UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation, UN Children's Fund (UNICEF), uri: www.childmortality.org, publisher: UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, United Nations Population Division; World Health Organization (WHO), uri: www.childmortality.org, note: UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation; World Bank (WB), uri: www.childmortality.org, note: UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation; United Nations (UN), uri: www.childmortality.org, note: UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation, publisher: UN Population Division. Filtered to selectable countries and transformed into questions and editorial scores; no endorsement implied.
  • World Bank World Development Indicators: Air transport, passengers carried (2023) · Indicator definition and metadataWorld Bank, World Development Indicators, Air transport, passengers carried. Underlying sources: Civil Aviation Statistics of the World, International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), uri: https://data.icao.int/newdataplus/#:~:text=ICAO%20data%20is%20comprised%20of,information%20about%20commercial%20air%20carriers; ICAO Staff estimates, International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), uri: https://data.icao.int/newdataplus/#:~:text=ICAO%20data%20is%20comprised%20of,information%20about%20commercial%20air%20carriers. Filtered to selectable countries and transformed into questions and editorial scores; no endorsement implied.
  • World Bank World Development Indicators: Cereal yield (kg per hectare) (2023) · Indicator definition and metadataWorld Bank, World Development Indicators, Cereal yield (kg per hectare). Underlying sources: FAO electronic files and web site, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), uri: https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL, publisher: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Filtered to selectable countries and transformed into questions and editorial scores; no endorsement implied.
  • World Bank World Development Indicators: Food production index (2014-2016 = 100) (2023) · Indicator definition and metadataWorld Bank, World Development Indicators, Food production index (2014-2016 = 100). Underlying sources: FAO electronic files and web site, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), publisher: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Filtered to selectable countries and transformed into questions and editorial scores; no endorsement implied.
  • World Bank World Development Indicators: Individuals using the Internet (% of population) (2023) · Indicator definition and metadataWorld Bank, World Development Indicators, Individuals using the Internet (% of population). Underlying sources: World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database, International Telecommunication Union (ITU), uri: https://datahub.itu.int/. Filtered to selectable countries and transformed into questions and editorial scores; no endorsement implied.
  • World Bank World Development Indicators: Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) (2023) · Indicator definition and metadataWorld Bank, World Development Indicators, Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people). Underlying sources: World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database, International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Filtered to selectable countries and transformed into questions and editorial scores; no endorsement implied.
  • World Bank World Development Indicators: Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) (2023) · Indicator definition and metadataWorld Bank, World Development Indicators, Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land). Underlying sources: FAO electronic files and web site, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), uri: https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/RL, publisher: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Filtered to selectable countries and transformed into questions and editorial scores; no endorsement implied.
  • World Bank World Development Indicators: Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate) (2023) · Indicator definition and metadataWorld Bank, World Development Indicators, Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate). Underlying sources: ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO), uri: https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/bulk/, publisher: ILOSTAT, type: external database, date accessed: January 17, 2026. Filtered to selectable countries and transformed into questions and editorial scores; no endorsement implied.
  • World Bank World Development Indicators: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) (2023) · Indicator definition and metadataWorld Bank, World Development Indicators, Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP). Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB). Filtered to selectable countries and transformed into questions and editorial scores; no endorsement implied.
  • World Bank World Development Indicators: People using safely managed sanitation services (% of population) (2023) · Indicator definition and metadataWorld Bank, World Development Indicators, People using safely managed sanitation services (% of population). Underlying sources: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene, World Health Organization (WHO), uri: washdata.org, note: Aggregate data by groups are computed based on the groupings for the World Bank fiscal year in which the data was released by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene., publisher: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (washdata.org), date accessed: 2025-09-30, date published: 2025-08-25; UN Children's Fund (UNICEF), uri: washdata.org, note: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene. Filtered to selectable countries and transformed into questions and editorial scores; no endorsement implied.
  • World Bank World Development Indicators: Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) (2023) · Indicator definition and metadataWorld Bank, World Development Indicators, Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%). Underlying sources: Monthly ranking of women in national parliaments, Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU), uri: https://data.ipu.org/women-ranking/, note: For the year of 1998, the data is as of August 10, 1998., type: Excel, date accessed: 2026-03-29. Filtered to selectable countries and transformed into questions and editorial scores; no endorsement implied.
  • World Bank World Development Indicators: Electricity production from oil sources (% of total) (2023) · Indicator definition and metadataWorld Bank, World Development Indicators, Electricity production from oil sources (% of total). Underlying sources: IEA Energy Statistics Data Browser, International Energy Agency (IEA), uri: https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/energy-statistics-data-browser, publisher: International Energy Agency (IEA), date accessed: 2025-03-25. Filtered to selectable countries and transformed into questions and editorial scores; no endorsement implied.
  • World Bank World Development Indicators: Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) (2023) · Indicator definition and metadataWorld Bank, World Development Indicators, Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births). Underlying sources: UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation, UN Children's Fund (UNICEF), uri: www.childmortality.org; World Health Organization (WHO), uri: www.childmortality.org, note: UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation; World Bank (WB), uri: www.childmortality.org, note: UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation; United Nations (UN), uri: www.childmortality.org, note: UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation, publisher: UN Population Division. Filtered to selectable countries and transformed into questions and editorial scores; no endorsement implied.
  • World Bank World Development Indicators: PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (micrograms per cubic meter) (2023) · Indicator definition and metadataWorld Bank, World Development Indicators, PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (micrograms per cubic meter). Underlying sources: Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 (GBD 2023) Air Pollution Exposure Estimates and Risk Curves 1990-2023, GBD Collaborator Network, uri: https://ghdx.healthdata.org/record/ihme-data/gbd-2023-air-pollution-exposure-estimates-1990-2023, note: Need to create account to retrieve data., publisher: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), date accessed: 2026-04-03, date published: 2026-01-23. Filtered to selectable countries and transformed into questions and editorial scores; no endorsement implied.

Geography datasets

Some border questions use the GeoDataSource Country Borders dataset, retrieved November 5, 2026. The source data are filtered to the game’s selectable countries and transformed into questions and point estimates. The original data and derived border questions are shared under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International. Changes have been made; no endorsement is implied. The dataset’s stated neighbor relationships can include inland-water borders.

Other geography questions use the regional fields in Natural Earth’s Admin 0 Countries dataset, retrieved November 5, 2026. Natural Earth data are public domain. Regional assignments follow this dataset’s classification; they are not a UN classification or a determination of political status.

A note on boundaries

The UN statistical regions used in the game are specific classifications, not the only possible geographic definitions. Borders, membership and naming can also depend on the question’s date and scope. See contact information for the status of corrections.